HMS Achilles
by Published on 7th February 2016 10:43 AM
Hi Team
In February 1940 HMS ACHILLES had returned to New Zealand after her major role in the Battle of the River Plate. Having 60% N.Z. crew the celebrations around the country were huge and a year later the ship was renamed HMNZS ACHILLES with the formation of the Royal New Zealand Navy. 1941 is also being celebrated this year with the 75th anniversary of the Royal NZ Navy. The ship was eventually returned to the Royal Navy in 1946 and subsequently refitted and sold to the Indian Navy as the INS DELHI. She finally ended her sailing days in 1978 giving a remarkable 45 years service with three navies.
In February 1942 Australia came under intensive air attack from the Japanese, just a couple of months after their attack on Pearl Harbour. This time it was Darwin Harbour, story and pics below.
In February 1945 there was a German U-boat cruising around the Australian coast and it found a target SW of Fremantle which she torpedoed and sunk. Earlier. the same U-boat had entered Gisbourne harbour on the east coast of New Zealand in the middle of the night. But the only vessel present was an old harbour dredge that didn't cause the Germans to get excited about so they departed, probably only noticed by a few local seagulls.
The final story is of the life of a small freighter that spent most of her life around Australia, New Zealand and the Islands named the R.C.S. VITI. She had been requisitioned by the Royal Navy in 1941 and was H.M.S. VITI for the duration of WW2.
Regards
Peter Hogg
RNZNA South Canterbury N.Z.
"peterhogg222@gmail.com"
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FEBRUARY 1940
Achilles crew march through Auckland
The officers and crew of HMS Achilles march through Auckland on 23 February 1940. A crowd of 100,000 people turned out to welcome home the heroes of the Battle of the River Plate.
The Battle of the River Plate in December 1939 was the Allies’ first naval victory of the Second World War. The involvement of the cruiser HMS Achilles, which was largely manned by New Zealanders, was greeted with jubilation back in New Zealand.
The German pocket battleship (heavy cruiser) Admiral Graf Spee had been commerce-raiding in the Atlantic and Indian oceans since the beginning of the war in September. On 13 December it was intercepted by three Royal Navy cruisers, Exeter, Ajax and Achilles, off South America’s River Plate estuary. The Exeter was severely damaged and forced to retire from the battle. The Ajax and Achilles also suffered hits but shadowed the Graf Spee as it sought refuge in Montevideo, the capital of neutral Uruguay.
While his ship was repaired in Montevideo, the Graf Spee’s captain, Hans Langsdorff, came to believe that the British were assembling an overwhelming force to prevent its escape. Rather than put his men at risk, he decided to destroy his ship. On 17 December, after its crew had been taken off, the Graf Spee was scuttled in the shallow estuary. Langsdorff committed suicide three days later.
The crew of the Achilles were hailed as heroes when they returned to New Zealand in February 1940. Parades in Auckland and Wellington (on 2 April) drew huge crowds.
HMS Achilles in action at the Battle of River Plate. A painting by W.W. Stewart of Auckland.
AUSTRALIA COMES UNDER AIR ATTACK FOR THE FIRST TIME...February 1942The Japanese bombing of Darwin, Broome and northern Australia
Many people in New Zealand feared they would be next..............
On 19 February 1942 mainland Australia came under attack for the first time when Japanese forces mounted two air raids on Darwin. The two attacks, which were planned and led by the commander responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbour ten weeks earlier, involved 54 land-based bombers and approximately 188 attack aircraft which were launched from four Japanese aircraft-carriers in the Timor Sea. In the first attack, which began just before 10.00 am, heavy bombers pattern-bombed the harbour and town; dive bombers escorted by Zero fighters then attacked shipping in the harbour, the military and civil aerodromes, and the hospital at Berrimah. The attack ceased after about 40 minutes. The second attack, which began an hour later, involved high altitude bombing of the Royal Australian Air Force base at Parap which lasted for 20–25 minutes. The two raids killed at least 243 people and between 300 and 400 were wounded. Twenty military aircraft were destroyed, eight ships at anchor in the harbour were sunk, and most civil and military facilities in Darwin were destroyed.
Merchant vessels Barossa and Neptuna burning in Darwin Harbour near the jetty after receiving direct hits during the first Japanese air raid on 19 February 1942. SS Neptuna later exploded and sank while the Barossa was towed clear of the explosion and was later salvaged. Photograph courtesy of A Oliver and the Australian War Memorial: P02759.011.
During the Second World War, the Japanese flew 64 raids on Darwin and 33 raids on other targets in Northern Australia.
On 19 February 1942, 188 Japanese planes were launched against Darwin, whose harbour was full of Allied ships. It was the largest Japanese attack since Pearl Harbour, 7 December 1941, and followed a reconnaissance flight on 10 February 1942. On that day there were 27 Allied ships in the harbour and approximately 30 aircraft at the Darwin Civil and RAAF airfields.
The USS Houston convoy departed Darwin on 15 February 1942, followed by a Japanese flying boat which later engaged in an air strike. The USS Peary returned to Darwin on 19 February after an encounter with a possible Japanese submarine. On 19 February 1942 there were 46 ships packed into Darwin Harbour.
From the first raid on 19 February 1942 until the last on 12 November 1943, Australia and its allies lost about 900 people, 77 aircraft and several ships. Many military and civilian facilities were destroyed. The Japanese lost about 131 aircraft in total during the attacks.
At the time, there were many rumours alluding to the Australian Government's suppression of information about the bombings - it was thought that reports of casualties were intentionally diminished to maintain national morale.
Local sources estimated that between 900 and 1100 people were killed. For many years, government censorship limited coverage of the event to protect public morale in the southern states of Australia.
Oil tanks burning in Darwin, February 1942
On 19 February 1942 the Japanese attacked Darwin in Australia's Northern Territory. Eight ships in the harbour were sunk and at least 250 people were killed. Following the Japanese capture of the British base of Singapore four days earlier and the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii,
the previous December, anxiety about Japan's advances in the Pacific heightened. New Zealanders feared that they might be the next target.
Japanese MITSUBISHI A6M ZERO pictured below
Allied warships and merchant vessels in Darwin harbour at time of raid
Commemorations
A memorial ceremony is held every year on 19 February at the Cenotaph in Darwin. At 9:58 am, a World War II Air Raid Siren sounds to mark the precise time of the first attack The raid is also portrayed in the 2008 film Australia as a major plot event.
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GERMAN U-BOAT SINKS 7000 ton U.S. LIBERTY SHIP OFF WESTERN AUSTRALIA 6 FEBRUARY 1945
On 6 February 1945 , U 862 made its third attack in Australian waters at 1540 GCT in the Indian Ocean (34 deg 19 min South / 99 deg 37 min East). The "SS PETER SYLVESTER" was en route alone from Melbourne, Australia to Colombo, Ceylon carrying U.S. Navy and U.S. Army personnel with a cargo of U.S. Army supplies, and 137 U.S. Army mules.
SS PETER SYLVESTER
U-862 fired 6 torpedoes into the motor vessel PETER SYLVESTER about 700 miles south west of Fremantle, off the Western Australian coast. The ship was ordered abandoned at 1620 GCT (4:20pm).
Fifteen survivors were picked up on 9 February 1945. 25 Squadron RAAF Liberators helped to search for more survivors. They located about fifty survivors on 12th and 13th February on some rafts and in a lifeboat. They dropped rations to these survivors who had by then been drifting at sea for a week.
An RAAF B-24 in action during WW2. (RAAF)
Cyril Conway was one of the 26 Armed guards on the "SS Peter Sylvester". Cyril and fourteen others had been on a raft for 38 days, 6hrs and 10 mins before they were found. He was in one of the last group of survivors to be found. At one stage a school of dolphins had chased off a school of circling sharks. American Submarine USS Rock (SS-274) found the Cyril's raft at 2235 (10:35pm) on 9 March 1945. The 15 survivors were landed at Exmouth Gulf.
Just three weeks earlier U-862 had visited the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand without finding a worthwhile vessel to sink, story follows.................
German submarine's secret WWII ship-sinking missionto NZ - 'NEW ZEALAND HERALD' 15-01-2015
"U-boat avoided running aground as it entered Gisborne Harbour with only 1m of water under its hull - and remained undetected"
Those were the headlines in 'The Gisborne Herald' on January 15th 2015
The German submarine U-862 in Penang, Malaysia, in 1944.
Seventy one years ago, a German submarine entered Gisborne's port on an unsuccessful search for ships to sink in New Zealand waters.
Kriegsmarine U-boat U-862 entered Gisborne harbour on the surface at midnight on January 15, 1945.
It was an unusual and risky move, in a tight space and in shallow water.
Gisborne man Gerald Shone has spent the past 10 years researching the event and writing a book about it, and travelled to Austria to meet the submarine's crew.
"It is the closest Germans ever got to the shores of New Zealand during World War II," says Mr Shone.
"It was a most unusual decision to go into Gisborne's harbour. The sheer audacity of a big submarine to come into a port as small as Gisborne's was very risky."
The U-boat had departed from Jakarta, then known as Batavia, in Netherlands East Indies - now Indonesia.
Its mission took it to Australian waters, where it sank a US Liberty boat offshore from Sydney on Christmas Day 1944.
With the Australian navy and air force seeking quick revenge on the submarine, Commander Heinrich Timm escaped across the ditch to New Zealand to avoid detection and find further merchant ships to destroy.
After travelling down the East Coast of New Zealand, U-862 spent the daylight hours of January 15 lying at periscope depth out from Kaiti Beach, waiting for a ship worth sinking to pass.
Because no ship left or entered the harbour that day, U-862 entered Gisborne's harbour on the surface at midnight to see whether any sizable ships were berthed at the pier.
Commander Timm took the submarine into the harbour as far as the Kaiti Basin but found only small fishing vessels.
He thought briefly about the possibility of sinking the harbour dredge A.C. but decided not to because he was worried about giving away the presence of his submarine before he headed for Hawkes Bay.
The harbour dredge A.C. narrowly missed out on being sunk by the German U-boat.
After leaving Hawkes Bay empty-handed, the crew abandoned an attack on Wellington harbour when they were urgently recalled to the Far East a few days later.
Having made no attacks on New Zealand ships, the U-boat's presence in New Zealand water went undetected, and came to light only in 1992 when first watch officer Gunther Reiffenstuhl published his personal war diaries.
"It is pure luck that the first watch officer decided to make his diaries public," says Mr Shone.
"Without them, we may never have known."
Mr Shone interviewed the first watch officer in 1997, after being invited to Austria for a reunion of the submarine's crew.
"The U-boat men were quite interested in talking about what had happened during their three months travelling around Australia and New Zealand, and they were very forthcoming in giving me information," says Mr Shone.
"Their attitude was that after 52 years, they were more than happy to discuss it."
Mr Shone says the crew were extremely lucky to make it out of Gisborne harbour undetected.
"From harbour records, I discovered the submarine came into the harbour with only one metre of water under its hull.
"The captain had no idea how shallow it was. They took an enormous risk because it could easily have run aground."
Had it run aground, the crew would surely have become New Zealand's only military prisoners of war captured on home soil.
Although no celebrations are planned for the anniversary, Mr Shone says it is an event worth acknowledging.
"It's an important historical event and it is worth recalling that this happened 70 years ago, especially now only three or four of the crew are still alive."
Mr Shone has recently completed his book, titled U-boat in New Zealand Waters, and hopes to have it published this year.-GISBORNE HERALD
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LIFE OF A SMALL TRADER
AN INTERESTING STORY OF THE 'R.C.S. VITI'CREDITS AT END OF ARTICLE
Introduction
The designation R.C.S. is a rare prefix to the name of a vessel and the Royal Colonial Ship Viti bore the original name of an island nation, that was subsequently corrupted to Fichi and more latterly to Fiji. The Fijian Naval Service shore station on the Queen's Highway into Suva commemorates the vessel's name.
The Viti was built as the vice-regal yacht of Sir Harry Charles Joseph Luke (1884 - 1969), Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St.George, Doctor of Literature, renowned author, keen philatelist, former Lieutenant-Governor of Malta, Bailiff Grand Cross of the Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem, High Commissioner for the Western Pacific, Commander-in-Chief of military forces and Governor of Fiji from 1938 to 1942. Sir Harry's responsibilities included the Crown colonies of Fiji, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Tuvalu), the kingdom of Tonga, the British Solomon Islands, the Anglo-French Condominium of the New Hebrides (Vanuatu), the Line Islands (Kiribati) and Pitcairn Island.
With what was quite possibly the most expansive realm ever to befall the lot of a single individual, Sir Harry certainly needed adequate transport to get around his far-flung collection of British colonies. The Viti had a remarkable cruising range of more than 7,400 miles and below her bridge deck, with its own private promenade, was a sumptuous vice-regal suite panelled in pale Maple wood.
Her more prosaic role was to service inter-island communication in the South-west Pacific region administered by the Western Pacific High Commission based at Suva.
Specifications
Official number 157802.
Port of registry Suva.
Builder Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company of Hong Kong Ltd.
Displacement 676 gross registered tons, 307 net.
Length 167 feet 6 inches l.o.a.
Beam 31 feet 6 inches.
Draught 14 feet 1 inch laden.
Propulsion Twin Taikoo Sulzer diesel engines of 5 cylinders of 290 mm bore and 550 mm stroke. Each engine developing about 550 b.h.p. at 330 revs per minute.
Speed on trials about 12.4 knots. Consumption at 12 knots about 4.7 tons per day or 3 tons at an economical speed of 10 knots.
Tank capacities ballast 113.75 tons, fresh water 79.2 tons, fuel oil 95 tons.
Auxiliary engines Paxman Ricardo, 25 k.w. consuming about 2 gallons light fuel oil per hour.
Configuration single deck with two top decks, one hold forward with hatchway about 19 ft 3 in. by 11 ft.
Cargo capacity 120 tons, increased to 200 in 1948.
Heavy lifting capacity 10 tons.
Accommodation 8 officers, 30 crew, 30 passengers.
Log
1939 Launched at Hong Kong.
1940 Arrived at Suva with a total cost including delivery of £97,000.
1941 April 17 Designated as Transport 373 and with a war time complement of fifty-five Captained by Commander James Mullins of the Royal Navy Reserve, the Auxilliary Patrol Vessel H.M.S. Viti was fitted with a 4 inch gun, two 3-pounders and a couple of Bren guns. The big gun had only been fired once although Mullins had not allowed the awning to be removed from the after deck before the shot and it was torn away by the blast. The vibrations also damaged the ship's fittings. Third engineer aboard the ship was Yorkshire-born Stan Brown. He had been in the merchant navy when war began and was frustrated from his goal of joining the Royal Navy by an official ban on such transfers. He was in Hong Kong when Viti left the dockyards and he was able to sign aboard. Once out in Fiji and with the new mission it was about to sail, Viti was transferred to the Royal Navy and Brown got his wish.
circa 1941.
1941 July 24 Arriving at Banaba island, she passed through the reef into the 170 square kilometre lagoon. The island is 500 kilometres West of Tarawa, and the same distance from Nauru. The Australian armed merchant ship Westralia joined the vessel in the lagoon. She was on what her crew called "the birdshit patrol" protecting the Phosphate shipping. Mullins invited her officers over for afternoon tea. When the Australians replied, to the effect "don't you know there is a war on?" Mullins resorted to questioning their Irish ancestry.
1941 August 14 At around 3 am the vessel reached the Southern most of the Gilbert Island group, Tamana. At daylight they put ashore radio operator Cliff Pearsall and soldiers Joe Parker and Rod McKenzie.
1941 August 18 Radio Operator Arthur C. Heenan, of Hastings with soldiers Charlie Owen and Les Speedy were landed on Maiana island. Heenan wrote that the locals were friendly and he had a lazy time eating and sleeping. None of the coast-watchers ever saw a German, but about 4 months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbour in December 1941 they were prisoners of the Japanese. All three were among the seventeen coast-watchers and five civilians executed on Tarawa on the 15th of October 1942.
1941 September 1 Viti sent ashore her last coast-watcher party when Max McQuinn supported by soldiers Basil Were and Lewis (Jim) Muller stepped onto tiny Makin Meang island in the Gilbert and Ellice group.
1941 September 11 Departed from Ocean Island and arrived at Gardner Island (now Nikumaroro) a week later. After a brief stop she continued on to Canton, Sydney and Hull islands, returning to Nikumaroro on the 25th.
1941 October 11 Viti made it back to Suva after a voyage of 103 days, having erected and tested 15 coast-watching stations.
1941 November 19 Departed from Suva at midnight for a twenty three day voyage to the Ellice Islands, with the High Commissioner, Sir Harry Luke aboard.
1941 November 25 Called at Gardner Island, where Aram Tamia, Bauro Tikana and Esera came aboard briefly and met with the High Commissioner.
1941 November 26 Arrived at Canton Island, as did the North-bound American Airways flying boat from Auckland, New Zealand via Noumea.
1941 November 29 Sailed for Gardner Island at 4:30 p.m. The messing records indicate that Johnny, the handyman at Canton came aboard for transport to Gardner.
1941 November 30 Returned to Gardner Island at 11:00 a.m. The provisioning records of the vessel show a charge of two shillings per diem for the transport of a nurse from Gardner Island to Suva, a voyage of 11 days.
1941 December 1 Arrived at Hull Island at 1:00 p.m. where the Acting Administrative Officer and Wireless Operator, a man named Cookson, came aboard bound for Suva and "badly needed" leave.
1941 December 1 Arrived at Sydney Island at 9:00 p.m. departing at midnight of the following day. According to the messing record; Johnny-the-handyman's wife and child come aboard for transport to join Johnny on Gardner.
1941 December 4 In the morning the ship paid a brief call at uninhabited Phoenix Island. In the afternoon it stopped at Enderbury where Sir Harry entertained the four U.S. Department of the Interior colonists aboard Viti with much appreciated tea and cake. The ship sailed for Canton Island the same evening.
1941 December 5 Arrived back at Canton Island in the morning, where the High Commisioner left the vessel to return to Suva by flying boat the following day.
1941 December 7 The ship arrived at Gardner Island at 8:00 a.m. en route to Fiji and departed an hour later, just long enough to drop off Johnny-the-handyman's family and 18 tins of condensed milk at the direction of Dr. Macpherson. The crew learned of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour while there.
1941 December 11 Viti arrived back in Suva in the afternoon.
1941 December 16 Came under the control of the Royal New Zealand Navy and sent to Lyttelton to have an Asdic sonar echo location device fitted. The dome, which protruded two and a half feet through a hole in her hull, was highly prone to damage and she lost it at Tarawa island in early 1944. The vessel returned to Lyttelton each Winter until 1945 for her annual refit
1943 April 9 The U.S.S. Dash arrived at Suva from Noumea to relieve H.M.S. Viti as the local escort and patrol vessel.
Wellington, July 1943.
1944 November 2 Escorted the Harbour Defence Motor Launch Paea on a six day voyage from Auckland to Suva.
1945 September 13 Departed from Auckland in the command of Captain Webster at mid-day for Espiritu Santo, from where she towed the 188 ton supply ship Hawera the 700 miles from to Suva.
1945 November 18 Arrived at Auckland in the command of Captain Cummings after having escorted the Harbour Defence Motor Launch Kuparu on a six day voyage from Suva.
1945 November Paid off and returned to civilian service. In the command of Captain Cummings and during the succeeding ten months she would make nine voyages from Suva to Auckland for the Fijian government.
Auckland 1947
1948 February Sold to the Tasman Steam Ship Company of Auckland for £27,000.
1948 May 28 Arrived at Hobson Wharf, Auckland with Captain Lisle Lindsay in command. The first officer was Captain Fordham, chief engineer Arthur Goodrich, Harry Works second engineer, Bob Misrie as third engineer and Joe Columbus as chief steward. She carried a cargo of 100 odd tons of Copra and general, plus a large collection of spares for the vessel.
1948 June - October Refitted at Auckland at a cost of £21,171. Given a second hold, she was fitted with refrigeration equipment for 200 tons of frozen cargo at 11 degrees Fahrenheit. The aft deck was plated in, the flying bridge removed and windows replaced with port holes. The vice-regal suite was partitioned into cabins, but the Governor's massive tiled bathroom remained intact, and although fitted with bunks, so did the dressing room with its ornate furnishings and huge mirrors.
1948 October 22 Departed at ten minutes past noon for Sydney with a cargo of frozen fish.
1948 November 20 In the command of Captain Barrett she arrived at Auckland from Sydney via Wellington at 10.55 am. He would be her master until early 1950, during which time she made seven voyages between Auckland, Lyttelton, Dunedin, Melbourne and Sydney.
1948-9 During the first year she carried 719 tons of fish, 1,000 tons of egg-pulp, meat, butter, and some general cargo, and in addition 901 tons of fruit. That year the company had an income of $127,582 from the Viti.
1950 March 28 Arrived at Auckland from Melbourne in the command of Captain Ted Couldrey at 11.30 pm. He would continue as her master until 1960.
1950 January 12 An able seaman fell overboard on a voyage from Ulverstone, Tasmania to Sydney with a cargo of frozen Peas (loading at right). He spent twenty-five minutes in the sea.
1950 October 1 A the end of a voyage from Sydney she crossed the treacherous Manakau harbour bar and became the first foreign going vessel to berth at the port of Onehunga in living memory.
1950-1 The cargo tally shows she carried 1,848 tons of fish, 286 tons of egg-pulp, 837 tons of meat, 1,944 tons of fruit, 1,648 tons of general cargo, 239 tons of explosives, 104 tons of quick-frozen foods, 40 tons of butter and some mail. This was a total of 6,946 tons and brought in $143,050.
Sydney, 11th November 1951.
1951-2 Cargo carried was slightly less, but the company's income rose nevertheless to $157,432.
Tending her Sulzer diesel engines in the mid 1950s.
1952-3 The income from her was $160,420 from 1,022 tons of fish, 939 tons of meat, 1,493 tons of fruit, 876 tons of explosives, 506 tons of butter, 180 tons of egg-pulp, 8 tons of quick-frozen foods and 1,521 tons of general cargo and sundry frozen goods.
1953 June 5 Departed from Auckland for Sydney with a barge in tow.
1954 Sailed from Wellington under charter to the New Zealand Department of Civil Aviation to service the meteorological station on Campbell and Raoul Islands from where she returned to Auckland on the 3rd of January, 1955 at 11.15 am.
1955 April 6 Departed from Auckland at 10.20 pm under charter to the New Zealand Department of Island Territories until January 1956 on the Nuie and Cook Islands run while the regular ship, the Maui Pomare, was laid up undergoing repairs.
1956 December Carried 200 tons of frozen Peas from Napier to Sydney.
Loading cargo at Pyrmont, Sydney in February 1958.
Above Left: crew members, above Right: Captain Ted Couldrey, both photographs were taken at Sydney in February 1958.
Jack Hassett, the ship's cook in the 1950's.
1960 September 16 After two months at Auckland, she departed for the Cook Islands at 4.45 pm and would not return to her home port for a year.
Nearing the end of her New Zealand career in 1961.
This image to the left derives from a card in an early Gregg's Jelly Crystals collector's series.
1961 October Sold by tender to Mr. C. A. Odell.
1962 Towards the end of 1962 the Viti was once again offered for sale by tender. This time she was bought by Mr J. J. Enwright, of Seafoods Ltd., Whangarei.
Laid up at Auckland 1966
1966 March 19 Dry docked at Devonport for six days. Subsequent to what was probably a survey she was sold for an undisclosed sum to Mr. J. J. Batty, a British business man with international interests in commercial shipping. He had arrived in New Zealand a fortnight prior to purchasing the vessel on a business trip, with no intentions of buying a ship.
A newspaper report from this time stated that he intended to refit her, using native New Zealand wood panelling, as a pleasure yacht and floating business headquarters. A conflicting report stated that he had bought her on behalf of a Hong Kong business group and that she was expected to carry refrigerated cargo to Malaysia and other parts of South-East Asia.
1966 November 9 Towed to Whangerei by the Otapiri and extensively refitted. Prior to her departure for Hong Kong, she was reported as looking brand new again.
1967 Reported to be working the small ports of Thailand and Vietnam.
Bibliography
Blair, Captain W. Clough
Shoestring Shipping Line
Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed, 1967 180pp. 222mm x 145mm. 16 Pages with 33 B&W plates. Frontis: line drawing of the MV Viti.
An history of the Tasman Shipping Company, owners of the Viti from 1948 to 1961.
Luke, Sir Harry
From a South Seas Diary 1938-1942
London: Nicholson & Watson, 1945
Luke, Sir Harry
Queen Salote & Her Kingdom
London: Putnam, 1954
Luke, Sir Harry
Cities and Men An Autobiography Volume 3 Work and Travel in All Continents (1924-1954)
London: Geoffrey Bles, 1956
Luke, Sir Harry
Islands of the South Pacific
London: George Harrap, 1962
McDougall R. J. 1944 -
New Zealand Naval Vessels
Wellington: NZ Government Printer, 1989 ISBN 0-477-01399-6.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Michael Field of the Agence France-Presse, the Australian Photographic Agency, the New Zealand National Archives, the State Library of New South Wales, Steven McLachlan (specialist in Maritime Covers) for many of the images and Marcus Castell for bringing it all together.
This page is part of the Historic New Zealand Vessels section of the
New Zealand National Maritime Museum
Brian Probetts (site admin)
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